Researchers at the University of Cambridge have shown how commonly used sweeteners inhibit the growth of certain gut bacteria https://www.news-medical.net/news/20260716/Scientists-show-how-sweeteners-slow-the-growth-of-certain-gut-bacteria.aspx The gut microbiota is implicated in adverse effects associated with low-calorie sweeteners https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s44320-026-00225-6