The results of the study suggest that the short-term use of broad-spectrum antibiotics — such as those routinely used in human and veterinary medicine — impair nerve function and sex hormone signalling throughout the body https://medicalxpress.com/news/2026-06-gut-microbes-hormone-movement.html https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-026-02321-0 Microbial depletion with antibiotics abolished androgen receptor expression in enteric neurons, diminished serum testosterone and caused dysmotility. Androgens were necessary for antibiotics to affect transit and partly sufficient to rescue dysmotility