The removal of probiotics represented by lactic acid bacteria and the colonization of pathogenic bacteria can directly or indirectly promote the occurrence of kidney stones https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405805X24000309 Genetically modified gut bacteria show promise for combating kidney stones in clinical trial https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adu8000 The researchers used the bacterium Phocaeicola vulgatus, which is already found in the microbiome of humans, and modified it to break down oxalate and also to consume porphyran, a nutrient derived from seaweed https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-07-genetically-gut-bacteria-combating-kidney.html